The Ethical Issues Of Human Enhancement - 2228 Words

One of the most prominent ethical issues faced today is that of human enhancement. The ethical issues that occur when looking at the concept of human enhancement are defined by the ideas of â€Å"human nature, personal identity, moral status, well-being, and problems in normative ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of mind, and epistemology† (Savulescu, 2) There are a plethora of ways in which human enhancement can become an issue in every profession such as sports, marketing, and any job that requires heightened brain use. Three categories that are most talked about are: the use of steroids, cosmetic enhancement, and the use of drugs for enhancement (Savulescu, 17). These categories of enhancements can be argued for because of the idea that one’s body is one’s own- one has the right to do what they want with their body, whether it be piercing, tattooing, or enhancing the inside of your body. For those who say, â€Å"human enhancement is not a just system and not right,† the response would be, don’t we live in a world of constant human enhancement? Take shoes and clothing for example. This can be looked at as an â€Å"enhancement† to our bodies and skin. Our shoes are protecting our feet daily and are an enhancement to what we were born with. Similarly, think of when you write down a number, your notes in class, or a date on the calendar; these are all enhancements of our own memory. Everything we learn in school and are taught throughout our lives, such as math skills and readingShow MoreRelatedThe Case Against Perfection by Michael Sandels935 Words   |  4 Pagesbrought attention to the ethical issues surrounding human enhancement. While these breakthroughs have many positive aspects, such as the treatment and prevention of many debilitating diseases and extending human life expectancy well beyond its current limits, there are profound moral implications associated with the ability to manipulate our own nature. Michael Sandel’s â€Å"The Case Against Perfection† examines the ethical and moral issues as sociated with human enhancement while Nick Bostrom’s paperRead MoreThe Ethics for Engineers in Combining Humans with Advanced Robotics1498 Words   |  6 Pagessciences may one day permit for the blending of human and robotic functioning at scales where they become indistinguishable from each other. These future achievements in engineering could potentially redefine human properties; undoubtedly, the ethical concerns will be profoundly important to the direction of the human species. Should we allow Human Enhancement? Should we make thinking machines? Will merging with machines, make humans perfect? Human enhancement and machine intelligence are the big topicRead MoreThe Ethics of Genetically Enhancing Children Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst genetic enhancement is not well-founded. A more open-minded inspection of the issue reveals that the idea of parents improving their children’s life prospects through genetic engineering (provided it is safe) is, at its c ore, not unethical. In fact, some genetic enhancement in addition to correcting deleterious genes to prevent disease is a moral obligation. It is moral to make rational decisions using the science and technology known to us to improve the lives of humans and promote well-beingRead MoreGenetic Enhancements And Environmental Enhancements1012 Words   |  5 Pages genetic enhancement has been around for many years with the genetic modification of crops. Just this year, researchers from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou were the first to modify the genomes of human embryos in order to find a way to eliminate genetic diseases. The researchers used the gene editing technique CRISPR/Cas9, which, in layman’s terms, cuts out the bad genes and replaces the gaps with healthy genes. While this is a major scientific advancement, there are many ethical reasons whyRead MoreAcademic Ethical Dilemma: Learning Enhancement Through Chemistry1573 Words   |  7 PagesAcademic Ethical Dilemma : Learning Enhancement Through Chemistry There is a trend occurring in the academic world that is gaining in popularity and has many in the academic world worried. This trend is the increase use of drugs to enhance the brains ability to not only work harder, longer and faster but also to retain that knowledge. Doping is no longer the exclusive realm of sports professionals (Block,2003). Not only does this create opportunities for todays students to excel but itRead MoreEssay about Genetic Testing and Reproductive Freedom977 Words   |  4 Pagespresent some issues that are technically, legally and ethnically complicated. Genetic testing allows for parents to choose which embryos to implant in a woman based on the genetic tests results. This has brought up a lot of new scientific, social and ethical predicaments. Many people have began to consider not just the implications of these new genetic diagnostic tool but whether core ethical and practical concerns surrounding IVF are really all that settled. There has been a majo r ethical concern givenRead MoreWhat Makes Us Human Genome? Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesThirteen years have passed since the human genome has been decoded. From then on, we knew exactly what makes us human: a string of code telling our cells what to do. Unsurprisingly, the public’s imagination had never been so zealous in discerning what a single biological discovery meant for the future of humanity. Thirteen years ago, news sources buzzed with hot-topic articles warning us of designer babies and man-made crops. Based on the frantic journalistic climate of the time, one might thinkRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Retirement Programs1115 Words   |  5 Pagesqualified for the job without the enhancement. Practically, too, enhancements can lead to problems. If an enhancement existed that extended a human’s lifetime by twenty or thirty years, though it may have initially seemed beneficial, many retirement programs would have to be revamped to account for their clien ts living twenty to thirty years longer. Healthcare, employment, and even retirement itself would have to be completely changed as a result of the new enhancement. This, in turn, would ripple downRead MoreA New Science Of Genetic Engineering Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesAfter years of work, Dr. Smith, has successfully edited the human genome. Shortly after, he began to marvel at the possibilities he unlocked, but also begged the question of the possible consequences he created from this achievement which would affect the impending future. He worried as to how the public would react to his life work. The growing potential of gene editing is sweeping the US, filled with both overwhelming hope as well as fear. This is a bridge which must be crossed to achieve trustRead MoreHuman Enhancement : The Questionable Evolution For Humanity798 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Enhancement: The Questionable Evolution for Humanity I have chosen human enhancement as my main ethics discussion, particularly the prosthetic limbs side of human enhancement. Mechanical prosthetic limbs have been around since World War I time (The Conversation, para 3). As we all know prosthetic limbs are meant to replace either a disability/cut off arm or leg. The goal of that prosthetic arm or leg is for the individual to be able to perform everyday activities as she/he would with a normal

The American Dream - 1207 Words

Throughout the play, the different concept of the American Dream can be spotted through in different generations. The characters of each generation have the similar American Dream, which is to have better future with wealth, however, they have different ways of earning this at the end. Since the result comes from the determination from hard work and how much of effort they put in to achieve their dreams or not. In this essay the â€Å"Death of Salesman† it has maintained that much of the enduring universal appeal lies in its central theme of the failure of the American Dream, which is Willy s commitment to false social values. Such as consumerism, ambition, social stature, that keeps him from acknowledging the value of human experience, which makes him difficult to the comfort his family and friends, and his loved ones (Linda). When Willy realizes that his true value is to be a good father rather than earning tons of cash to show off to the society, then he chooses to sacrifice himself which is son always desired. In the theme of the context of â€Å"Death of Salesman† which is â€Å"capitalism† which is one of main theme, it mostly talks about the competition and responsibility which are sub themes of capitalism in â€Å"Death of Salesman†. For example, Willy s tendency not to take up responsibility for his behavior and his misbehavior which later needed to be b lamed, he does it to others, and this has been passed onto his sons and, as a result, all three men exhibit a poor work ethic andShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. Adam’s often-repeated quote is, ‘The American Dream is that dream of land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyon e, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.’† There are many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The American Dream 754 Words   |  4 Pages Nyreel Powell Ms. Jones American Literature 1 June 2015 The American dream in A Raisin in the Sun Have you ever had a dream and it didn’t come how you wanted it to be? Have you ever had accomplishments that you wanted to achieve but people were getting in the way of them? The four main characters in this book all have good dreams but there are people in the way of getting to those dreams or their dream is too high to accomplish. A Raisin in the Sun a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, andRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a degree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the catâ₠¬  butRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath And The American Dream1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of the American Dream is ever changing depending on the person and the time of life that person is in. Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. Cullen does acknowledge that people are born with different opportunities, so he talks about the good life. The good life describes different factors that determine your opportunities. Throughout the otherRead MoreFactors Influencing The American Dream1834 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual to succumb or to not succumb to the seductions of crime. These three factors are brilliantly portrayed in the television show, Breaking Bad and the novel, The Stick Up Kids. The American Dream is what many American citizens strive for. However, not all of those citizens are able to achieve the American Dream through a legal pathway. The reason an indivudal may not being able to do so is because of his or her background factors. It is important to note that background factors are a fractionRead MoreShark Tank And The American Dream1755 Words   |  8 PagesShark Tank and The American Dream The TV show Shark tank embodies everything the American dream represents. The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Corporate Social Responsibility task Free Essays

string(91) " experience which helps some members of the local community improve their ability to work\." One thing it has done is source a lot Of its products from local suppliers e. G. All Waitress fresh chicken, beef and pork, bacon, duck and goose are sourced room the [J which helps local communities as it increases the profits of the local suppliers and allows them to expand which allows them to increase their workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsibility task or any similar topic only for you Order Now Increasing the suppliers workforce helps the community as it decreases unemployment rates and increases the amount of money that stays in the community. This is very important to local communities as usually 95% of a business’s income is taken away from the local community but by altering its supply methods and improving its employee bonuses John Lewis removes a lot less. Another way the John Lewis Partnership has had a positive impact on the coal community is through its employee bonuses which are substantially larger than most other supermarkets. This helps the local community as it gives the employees more disposable income which is likely to be spent in the local community. It also helps employees to maintain financial stability through the Christmas period which would help the community as there would not be as many community members in debt after Christmas. The John Lewis Partnership has also helped the local community through its community matters scheme which offers its employees the opportunity to work with the community on local projects. This combined with their investment of Ell million into the local community has benefited their local communities a lot. This helps the local community as it not only gives them the funds to make a change but access to a large workforce to get it done. The final way the John Lewis Partnership helps the local community is by using diverse recruitment methods which helps different parts of the local community to learn about each other’s cultures and helps people who would find it hard to get a job. An example of this is their elderly recruitment which provides jobs to elderly people who normally would find it hard to get a job. This would also set an example for other business in the area and so increase diverse recruitment methods in other businesses. The John Lewis Partnership also has a negative impact on local communities as its Waitress products are often a higher price than other supermarkets which could cause problems for people with money troubles as they would not be able to afford as much. This may also cause a class divide in some areas as some would be financially able to shop at John Lewis or Waitress whereas other would not and so this may split the community. The John Lewis Partnership has also been linked to an increase in house rises as people are willing to pay more for a house located near a Waitress. This effect has been noticed by estate agents in areas that a Waitress has been built nearby with some claiming it increases house prices by up to 25%. This would affect people who want to move into the area as they may find fewer houses in their budget. This would also affect the diversity of the local community as it would reduce the amount of people who have a lower income in the area. This would however have a positive impact on people already living in the area as their house value would increase. The final negative impact that Waitress has had is that in some communities it has caused traffic problems as people from the local area flock in to use the store. This would affect the environment as some of these people would have driven further than normal so that they can use Waitress rather than a different store. This would also affect the local area which would become more congested and would have to spend Moore to maintain the roads. Overall I think that the John Lewis partnership is good for the local community as it offers the local community a range of high quality products and has advanced ethical consumerism a lot. Also the main negative impacts John Lewis has are difficult for them to change and they are still trying to improve on these effects such as offering a value range to make Waitress a more affordable option and looking to decrease its impact on congestion such as at its Guilford site which is located near a large junction they have paid for the council to improve the roads. McDonald’s McDonald’s is probably the most improved business I have researched as it has received a lot of negative publicity on its CAR choices in the past but is now trying to improve its public image. One way it has done this is by advertising its various green schemes that reduce the impact they have on the environment. The most visual form of this environmental change is their packaging which has been altered so it is now more biodegradable and smaller. This helps the local community as it makes it easier for the council to deal with any litter that is dropped by a customer and it reduces the amount of waste McDonald’s contributes to the local land fill. Another way McDonald’s green schemes have helped the local community is that it has increased its local product sourcing. This decreases the air miles of he food and reduces the amount of money that is removed from the local community. This helps support local agriculture which is at threat due to other companies sourcing products from overseas. This also helps to support the local economy as a transnational corporation usually removes a lot of money from local communities and so the more money it spends on local produce the less impact it has on the local economy. McDonald’s also helps the local community by bringing a lot of jobs to their community and hiring people with little or no experience which helps some members of the local community improve their ability to work. You read "Corporate Social Responsibility task" in category "Papers" This also helps people in higher education as often McDonald’s working hours are quite flexible and so they can work their without it affecting their education. The final way they are trying to help the local community is by decreasing the amount of litter found around the community. They are doing this by funding local council bins and putting litter bins outside of their restaurants. This helps the local community as it makes it a cleaner place and improves its image which would increase the amount of people who would want to visit the area. This also helps reduce the cost for the council when dealing with an areas litter problem. McDonald’s has had substantial negative impacts on the local community as well. The main impact it has had is on the health of the local people as many of their best selling products are unhealthy and the products that are healthy have been criticized as they often do not appeal to their customer base. This is shown in a daily mail article called â€Å"McDonald’s shares fall as customers shun new healthier items on the menu† that links recent price drops to customers rejecting the healthier McDonald’s products. Although McDonald’s are trying to combat litter in their local communities, they are one of the main causers of it. This is shown by a 2009 survey that McDonald’s packaging makes up for a third of the Auk’s litter. Also a lot of their delivery packaging contributes to local landfills which if filled would have to be expanded or a new local site would have to be created which would decrease the appeal of the local area. Overall I think that McDonald’s is bad for the local community as although it is trying to reduce its impact on the local community it still has a strong impact on the local populations’ health and the cleanliness of the surrounding area. This would decrease the appeal of the area which may lead to problems such s a decrease in house prices, less tourism and less people visiting the area to use the local shops. As I have mentioned above, McDonald’s is often criticized for it negative effects on the customer’s health and its low sales in its healthy options. To decrease these negative effects McDonald’s should look to invest in research on improving the nutritional value of their food. This research should include trials of various food ideas in some of their stores so that they can work out which ones to spread chain wide and which to improve on. After improving the healthiness of their product range they should then Penn a large amount of money on a new advertising campaign that advertises the largest changes e. . A large decrease in calories or saturated fat in their burgers. This should also include a look at their Other positive improvements such as their care for the environment and anything else related to the welfare of their customers and the environment they live in. Due to McDonald’s advertisement of its healthier product range the company’s imag e should improve. This should help to set up a business deal with a new healthy food partner such as Real Foods, Weight watchers, Wellness Foods or another healthy food company who would be happier to e associated with a healthier McDonald’s. With one of these healthy food company McDonald’s should work with them to try and improve the taste of their healthier product range so that it seems a more attractive option to customers. This would allow McDonald’s to gain a larger customer base as then only other large fast food chain that can advertise the healthiness of its food is subway who McDonald’s could take customers from. This could also be used to try and appeal to a larger customer base as some organizations, such as weight watchers, offer their own food range for people who are dieting. If they sold weight watchers dieting products or certified some of their own products as recommended by a healthy food company then they would probably attract a lot of new customers as their main competition, KEF and Burger King do not offer any specific dieting products. Another benefit of this is that they could work with a company such as Real Foods to increase the amount of special diet foods on their menu. This would increase their customer base as it would attract people that are vegetarian, vegan or have an allergy to things like gluten or wheat. This improvement would greatly improve McDonald’s image as they would come the market leader in healthy fast food which, with its environmental work, would alter the view of groups such as PETA who would not target them as much. This image change would also increase the amount of children (one of their prime demographics) that go to McDonald’s as parents would be happier to take them if they had healthy food. SAD SAD benefits the local community mainly through its SAD foundation program which supports a lot of small charities located around the ILK. This is especially helpful to the local community as most businesses only support arguer charities but as SAD has this program it can donate to smaller charities that need the money to improve their functionality in the local community. So far this year the program has donated almost E3000000 to a wide variety of charities which often offer specialist support for members of the community. Another way SAD is helping the local community is through its new plan to give Store space to local authorities, businesses, voluntary groups and educational services. It is giving this space as a lot more customers are buying online and so the stores do not need as much space for stock. This helps the local community as it means that customers are more likely to find out about various groups and community projects in their community. The final way SAD has had a positive impact on the local community is through its community life program which offers customers the opportunity to vote on what SAD should do with the money it plans on investing in the local community. This helps the local community as it increases the relativity of the changes for the local community. This also encourages other groups to consult the community more due to the increased advertisement they receive from voters. SAD has also had a negative community due to where it’s building. A lot of Sad’s stores are deliberately located near another supermarket to try and reduce its profits. The problem with this is that often they can’t find a suitable site near enough and so use planning loopholes and other methods such as paying for an improved transport system to secure sites that aren’t meant to be built on. This affects the community negatively because it is likely that there would have been a reason for the council not wanting the supermarket being built there (e. G. The site had natural beauty). This also effects where the average shopper purchases goods as many of these stores are located out of town or on the edge of towns many people are drawn away from the shopping area Of the town and so are less likely to purchase something from that area. Due to Sad’s delivery service many of their Lorries have to go into smaller towns to make deliveries. This poses problems for the local community as they may not have the infrastructure needed for Lorries to travel through their town which could cause damage to the roads and congestion. This effects the local community as the council would have to pay for any damage one to the road and the local people may find it harder to get to their destination. Like other supermarkets, SAD cause 2 main problems, increased traffic and a decrease in business for local shops. How to cite Corporate Social Responsibility task, Papers Corporate Social Responsibility Task Free Essays The partnership is employee owned (these employees are Often called members or partners) and so they state that their purpose is â€Å"the happiness of all our members, through their worthwhile, satisfying employment in a successful business† The next business researched was McDonald’s which is the largest global fast food restaurant in the world. It has over 34000 stores located around the world that serve around 68 million people a day (equivalent to the population of the K). McDonald’s has often been criticized for its effect on the environment and its customers due to its low quality products. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsibility Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its main competition is KEF and Burger King although to combat this McDonald’s offers a larger product range with KEF mainly focusing on chicken and Burger King mainly offering burgers. To help promote their food to children they use a clown mascot that they also use for their charities that support children e. G the Ronald McDonald House charity which offers temporary homes for families with close relatives who are in a distant hospital. The Final business researched was SAD which is owned by Wall-Mart, the largest private employer in the world and the second largest public reparation in the world. SAD got its name from the merger of Associated Dairies Farm Stores Limited and Acquits (a small chain of supermarkets) with the AS coming from Acquits and the DAD coming from Dairies. SAD has had various problems with false advertising in the past usually due to showing items in adverts for sales that are not included in the sale. SAD manufactures and sells its own range of clothes called George. SAD employs 175,000 employees and 565 stores in the ASK. Its mission statement is â€Å"to be Britain’s best value retailer exceeding customer needs always. All of these organizations have been put under pressure in recent years to act responsibly and show good corporate social responsibility. The main pressure on these businesses comes from pressure groups which are groups such as Greenback who put pressure on businesses who damage the environment. These groups can have a substantial effect on a business as they can use various protest methods to reduce the profits of a business. T hese methods include calling for boycotts, deterring ethical consumers, picketing and even suing the business. All these methods cause negative publicity for the equines which deters customers from going to the store as its actions may not follow their ethical beliefs. Negative publicity can also affect share prices as this publicity can be an indicator that the profits of the business fall drop soon due to some of their customers being deterred. The main organization have researched that has been effected by this is McDonald’s who has been targeted by various environmental groups in the past and is now being targeted by PETA who has done investigations into McDonald’s and has set up whom. Cruelty. Com which publicizes how McDonald’s mistreats animals. This is likely to deter customers from going to McDonald’s and cause it to lose a small amount of its market. Although it is being targeted negatively by some pressure groups, other groups have recently sat reed to us port its new CEO-friendly initiatives and employment strategies which has improved the companyâ€⠄¢s image a lot. Another organization that has been effected negatively is SAD who have been targeted by Labor Behind the Label and War on Want who have shown various suppliers of SAD to be underpaying workers. This would affect ethical consumers as they would be deterred from supporting SAD and its u pliers by buying their products and some may protest against SAD in other ways. Pressure groups can also help a business if it shows advancement in particular CAR fields. The John Lewis Partnership is the main business that I’ve researched that has benefited from positive publicity from pressure groups as it has received various awards from pressure groups for having good suppliers and caring for the environment. One of their recent awards, the good pig award, allowed the company to advertise that they sourced their pork products from high welfare farms which would increase the likelihood hat an ethical consumer would purchase that product. Many of the Actions taken by pressure groups would not work without ethical consumers. Ethical consumers are people who purchase goods based partly on them being ethically right. An example of this is people who buy fair trade products which are often more expensive than non-fair trade products but help support the producers of those products. These consumers are very important for the pressure groups as it can allow them to get customers to boycott certain products or retailers. This also allows pressure groups to influence the decisions of a business as they can reduce the profits of a business or alternatively if the business is doing well in some aspect of CAR they can give them an award that will attract ethical consumers to them. An example of the power of ethical consumerism is that McDonald’s has been forced to alter its view on the environment with it being linked to rainforest’s destruction and over packaging of products whereas now it has some of the best packaging in the fast food industry and has decreased its effect on the rainforest’s. The main way ethical consumerism has affected SAD is through the reduces it sells with them now stocking a large range of fair-trade and free range products to encourage ethical consumers to go to SAD instead of its competitors. This has caused SAD to decrease its profit margin on these products as these products cost more for SAD to buy which may have lost them money for a short time but would increase their sales due to greater Customer retention. The John Lewis Partnership has benefited a lot from ethical consumerism with many of its products aimed at ethical consumers and a lot of its customers choosing to shop their because of their view on business. This allows them to maintain a good customer base as ethical consumers are likely to keep shopping at John Lewis Partnership stores so long as they continue to make ethical decisions. Often the main way a business promotes it is being socially responsible is through its investments. This helps to maintain a good relationship with pressure groups and advertises the business to ethical consumers. An example of this is McDonald’s who promote their investment into fuelling over 50% of their trucks with bodiless and continually researching ways to reduce their packaging waste. Most socially responsible investments made by a business have other benefits too such as the bodiless they make themselves which reduces fuelling costs and decreasing waste packaging means they don’t have to buy as much of the raw materials for the packaging. The John Lewis Partnership promotes its socially responsible actions a lot. An example of this is that it has invested into an awards program called the Waitress Supplier Awards which rewards suppliers for improving their environmental performance. This has helped Waitress improve its suppliers so that ethical groups will continue to support Waitress. This also advertises to consumers that Waitress are trying to improve the CAR Of their suppliers and not just their stores. SAD gain substantial benefits from advertising its socially responsible actions. One way it has benefited is through better employment as it advertises its employment benefits, such as access to its skills academy, to gain a better standard of employees. It also benefits by advertising the various things it is doing for the local community, such as supporting a local athlete, which would help the local community see some of the good aspects to having an SAD in their community. All 3 of the businesses I have researched have benefited from their positive CAR which has helped them grow. The John Lewis Partnership has benefited a lot from the good publicity it has received from various organizations that report on CAR to the extent that it has become the industries leader for ethical consumers. This has allowed their stores to offer their goods at a higher price than their competitors as their customers are willing to pay more for an ethically sourced product. As they have a history of ethical consumerism they have been able to maintain customer loyalty as it is less keel for them to make an unethical business decision. John Lewis has also used its employment benefits to maintain a good work force with it giving its employees a large percentage of the profits (usually in the form of a bonus worth 2 months pay). These benefits increase employee loyalty and make the John Lewis Partnership a more attractive option for job seekers. This allows the stores to be more selective when employing new members of staff so that they can get the best person for the job. This also allows them to create a more diverse workforce so that they can find out bout different ways to market products towards people of a different age, culture, ethnicity, sex and background. McDonald’s has benefited from the positive publicity from its socially responsible actions a lot because in the past many pressure groups have given McDonald’s negative publicity on its effects on the environment, its packaging and its effects on the consumers health. Over recent years though it has advertised what it has done to combat these issues to such an extent that it has now won a lot of environmental awards. This has helped to increase its ethical consumer customer base and in turn increase its profits. The main area McDonald’s has benefited from good CAR is in its recruitment. Due to McDonald’s offering its employees a good range of benefits it has been named one of the Auk’s top employers. This helps promote McDonald’s to potential employees and helps retain employees which is essential for McDonald’s as most Of their franchise owners are previous employees. SAD has benefited a lot though the loyalty of its customers. This is due to them maintaining a good price for their products while still doing a lot for their CAR. This has meant that the business has not had to invest in club cards which it says cost â€Å"hundreds of millions of pounds† and only reward â€Å"people who can afford to spend the most†. Instead it explains that it uses that money to reduce the cost oftener products â€Å"across the board for everyone. † This allows them to advertise that they have more products cheaper than Deco’s than Deco’s have of SAD. This draws in new customers and maintains customer loyalty as customers believe it is the best option for them to shop there. SAD have offered a lot of benefits to employees with cheaper stock offerings and various qualifications available. 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Rene Balderrama CJ227-03: Criminal Procedure Unit 4 Project April 19, 2011 Professor: Kurt Austin Zimmer Since John was in custody, what are the procedural steps the police were required to take once John began to incriminate himself? The police have no obligation to stop John Doe from making any statements. â€Å"Excited Utterance† made by a defendant before being questioned are admissible as statements given under Miranda advisement. Once the police begin to question John Doe regarding the theft, then they are required to read or provide Mr. Doe with his Miranda Warnings. Miranda rights (Miranda rule, Miranda warning) n. he requirement set by the U. S. Supreme Court in Miranda v. Alabama (1966) that prior to the time of arrest and any interrogation of a person suspected of a crime, he/she must be told that he/she has: the right to remain silent, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be told that anything he/she says can be used in court against him/her. We will write a custom essay sample on Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further, if the accused person confesses to the authorities, the prosecution must prove to the judge that the defendant was informed of them and knowingly waived those rights, before the confession can be introduced in the defendants criminal trial.The warnings are known as Miranda Rights or just rights. The Miranda rule supposedly prevents self-incrimination in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. Sometimes there is a question of admissibility of answers to questions made by the defendant before he/she was considered a prime suspect, raising a factual issue as to what is a prime suspect and when does a person become such a suspect? What procedural steps must the officers perform following John’s arrest and interview at the police station? After arrest, a suspect is then taken into police custody and â€Å"booked† or â€Å"processed. During booking a police officer will then take the suspects personal information (i. e. , name, date of birth, physical characteristics); records any information about the suspect’s crime; performs a record search of the suspect’s criminal background; fingerprints, photographs, and searches the suspect; confiscates any personal property carried by the suspect (i. e. , keys, wallet), to be returned upon the suspect’s release; and places the suspect in a police holding cell or jail. The suspect usually receives bail, but in this case I believe that an arraignment will come first due to the legal status of the defendant.The court could choose either a preliminary hearing or grand jury proceeding to establish probable cause for the felony charges in this case. Compare and contrast the two procedures. Preliminary hearing would indicate that John Doe was arrested and a complaint issued or filed with the Ocean County of where the violation occurred. Thus, prompting the judicial process: i. e. Preliminary hearing, plea, and trial. Grand jury would entail the officer or ADA presents the Grand Jury with the facts or probable cause of reasons why John Doe was arrested. Grand Jury could hear testimony from the officer and witnesses associated with the case. Once the facts are presented the Grand Jury would have an opportunity to ask questions. After the hearing, the Grand Jury would be requested to vote and either issues a true bill of indictment or find a no bill for Mr. John Doe. The judge may look at the following factors in his decision to grant or deny bail; character of a person, their habits, ties to a neighborhood or country of origin, the risk of them jumping bail due to his immigration status, and mental or employment conditions. If the judge feels that Mr. Doe is a flight risk due to his immigration status, they may put an immigration hold on Mr. Doe. Once the case has come to a conclusion if the verdict is guilty the judge my order Mr. Doe to incarceration, deportation back to his home country for him being in the country illegally per the rules and regulation of Homeland Securityry J. Siegel